Matplotlib 可视化教程

# 绘制折线图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 数据准备
days = np.arange(4, 19)
max_temps = np.array([32, 33, 34, 34, 33, 31, 30, 29, 30, 29, 26, 23, 21, 25, 31])
min_temps = np.array([19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 21, 22, 16, 18, 18, 17, 14, 15, 16, 16])

# 绘制图表
plt.plot(days, max_temps, label='最高气温', color='red', linewidth=2)
plt.plot(days, min_temps, label='最低气温', color='blue', linewidth=2)

# 添加标签和标题
plt.xlabel('日期')
plt.ylabel('温度 (°C)')
plt.title('未来15天最高气温和最低气温')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

# 显示图表
plt.show()

# 绘制柱形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 数据准备
categories = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
values1 = np.array([10, 8, 7, 11, 13])
values2 = np.array([9, 6, 5, 10, 12])
bar_width = 0.4

# 绘制分组柱状图
x = np.arange(len(categories))
plt.bar(x, values1, tick_label=categories, width=bar_width, 
        color='skyblue', label='系列1')
plt.bar(x + bar_width, values2, width=bar_width, 
        color='salmon', label='系列2')

# 添加标签和标题
plt.xlabel('类别')
plt.ylabel('数值')
plt.title('分组柱状图示例')
plt.legend()

# 显示图表
plt.show()

# 绘制误差条形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 数据准备
x = np.arange(5)
y = np.array([10, 8, 7, 11, 13])
error = [2, 1, 2.5, 2, 1.5]

# 绘制误差条形图
plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=error, fmt='o', 
             color='blue', ecolor='red', 
             capsize=5, capthick=2, 
             markersize=8, markerfacecolor='yellow',
             markeredgewidth=2)

# 添加标签和标题
plt.xlabel('X轴')
plt.ylabel('Y轴')
plt.title('误差条形图示例')
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

# 显示图表
plt.show()